Chapter 7 Observational Study

(Optional topic)

7.1 Causality in observational studies

• Features of observational studies
• Selection bias

7.2 Analysis with no latent confouding

• Assumptions
  • I.I.D.
  • Ignorability
  • Overlap
• Estimation
  • Stratification
  • Outcome regression
• Propensity score
  • Definition and key properties
  • Propensity scores: matching
  • Propensity scores: weighting
  • Doubly-robust regression
• Covariance balancing

7.3 Instrumental variable

• Definition and assumptions
• Key properties of IV
• Estimation

7.4 Missing data

• Missing mechanisms
• Multiple imputation